Understanding Local Third Factors in Synaptic Plasticity: Mechanisms and Functional Implications

Synaptic plasticity, the cornerstone of learning and memory, traditionally emphasizes the interplay of pre- and post-synaptic activity. However, recent research highlights the crucial role of “third factors” in shaping this process. These factors, distinct from pre- and post-synaptic activity, can be broadly categorized as “global” (e.g., dopaminergic reward signals) or “local” (e.g., postsynaptic membrane potential, or glial influence). While the importance of global third factors is well-established, the mechanisms and functional implications of local third factors remain largely unexplored. This workshop delves into this exciting frontier, exploring the intricate interplay between mechanisms and functions of local third factors in learning. We will bring together experts in biological learning, bio-inspired AI, and neuromorphic computing for a comprehensive discussion on key open questions. These questions encompass the biophysical underpinnings of local third factors, their impact on synaptic plasticity at the cellular and molecular level, and how they contribute to shaping network function and information processing across various brain regions. The workshop will conclude by discussing in which brain regions and in which learning tasks local third factors play a crucial role.